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This paper presents a framework for cloud users who wish to specify their experiments in the P4 language and map them to FPGAs in the Open Cloud Testbed (OCT). OCT consists of P4-enabled FPGA nodes that are directly connected to the network via 100 gigabit Ethernet connections, and which support runtime reconfiguration. Cloud users can quickly prototype and deploy their P4 applications through our framework, which provides the necessary infrastructure including a network interface shell for the P4 logic. We have provided several examples using this framework that demonstrate designs running at the 100 GbE line rate with the support of runtime reconfiguration for P4 functions. By combining an existing network interface shell and P4 toolchain on FPGAs, we offer a framework that enables users to rapidly execute their P4 experiments in real time on FPGAs. 

This paper presents a framework for cloud users who wish to specify their experiments in the P4 language and map them to FPGAs in the Open Cloud Testbed (OCT). OCT consists of P4-enabled FPGA nodes that are directly connected to the network via 100 gigabit Ethernet connections, and which support runtime reconfiguration. Cloud users can quickly prototype and deploy their P4 applications through our framework, which provides the necessary infrastructure including a network interface shell for the P4 logic. We have provided several examples using this framework that demonstrate designs running at the 100 GbE line rate with the support of runtime reconfiguration for P4 functions. By combining an existing network interface shell and P4 toolchain on FPGAs, we offer a framework that enables users to rapidly execute their P4 experiments in real time on FPGAs. 

This paper presents a framework for cloud users who wish to specify their experiments in the P4 language and map them to FPGAs in the Open Cloud Testbed (OCT). OCT consists of P4-enabled FPGA nodes that are directly connected to the network via 100 gigabit Ethernet connections, and which support runtime reconfiguration. Cloud users can quickly prototype and deploy their P4 applications through our framework, which provides the necessary infrastructure including a network interface shell for the P4 logic. We have provided several examples using this framework that demonstrate designs running at the 100 GbE line rate with the support of runtime reconfiguration for P4 functions. By combining an existing network interface shell and P4 toolchain on FPGAs, we offer a framework that enables users to rapidly execute their P4 experiments in real time on FPGAs. 

This paper presents a framework for cloud users who wish to specify their experiments in the P4 language and map them to FPGAs in the Open Cloud Testbed (OCT). OCT consists of P4-enabled FPGA nodes that are directly connected to the network via 100 gigabit Ethernet connections, and which support runtime reconfiguration. Cloud users can quickly prototype and deploy their P4 applications through our framework, which provides the necessary infrastructure including a network interface shell for the P4 logic. We have provided several examples using this framework that demonstrate designs running at the 100 GbE line rate with the support of runtime reconfiguration for P4 functions. By combining an existing network interface shell and P4 toolchain on FPGAs, we offer a framework that enables users to rapidly execute their P4 experiments in real time on FPGAs. 

The Open Cloud Testbed (OCT) provides nodes with Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) that are under the complete control of the user and are directly attached to a network switch via two 100Gbps connections. We provide TCP and UDP stacks on the FPGAs. In addition, users have the ability to experiment with their own protocol. We present several experiments which make use of this capability including TCP throughput measurements, an encryption/decryption example, and machine learning inference split across two FPGAs where the images are input on one node and the labelled output available on a second node. The testbed is available for researchers to perform their own experiments, and includes a development platform that allows users to create FPGA applications. Network measurement results show we achieve close to peak bandwidth by tuning appropriate parameters. 

In this article, we survey existing academic and commercial efforts to provide Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) acceleration in datacenters and the cloud. The goal is a critical review of existing systems and a discussion of their evolution from single workstations with PCI-attached FPGAs in the early days of reconfigurable computing to the integration of FPGA farms in large-scale computing infrastructures. From the lessons learned, we discuss the future of FPGAs in datacenters and the cloud and assess the challenges likely to be encountered along the way. The article explores current architectures and discusses scalability and abstractions supported by operating systems, middleware, and virtualization. Hardware and software security becomes critical when infrastructure is shared among tenants with disparate backgrounds. We review the vulnerabilities of current systems and possible attack scenarios and discuss mitigation strategies, some of which impact FPGA architecture and technology. The viability of these architectures for popular applications is reviewed, with a particular focus on deep learning and scientific computing. This work draws from workshop discussions, panel sessions including the participation of experts in the reconfigurable computing field, and private discussions among these experts. These interactions have harmonized the terminology, taxonomy, and the important topics covered in this manuscript.